Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics. Biotin is vital for cell development and growth. as a coenzyme, it plays a significant role in gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, propionate biotransformation, fatty acid synthesis and leucine breakdown. biotin deficiency can occur with an unbalanced diet, long diets and the use of raw egg white; in addition, with biotin-associated multiple carboxylase deficiencies, the need for biotin is increased due to a genetic defect. Failure is manifested by a reaction on the skin and its appendages, and the consequences can be specific mental symptoms and intestinal disorders with parenteral nutrition, malabsorption syndrome, after resection of the small intestine, in patients on hemodialysis. biotin (vitamin h, vitamin b7) is a water-soluble b vitamin. in the body, biotin plays an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins and is vital for normal cell growth and development. when it enters the body, biotin acts as a coenzyme of carboxylases, has an insulin-like effect and participates in the process of gluconeogenesis (due to the involvement of glucokinase in the synthesis), and therefore contributes to the stabilization of glucose in the blood, improves the function of the nervous system. biotin is a synergist of other b vitamins, folic acid, pantothenic acid, cyanocobalamin. there is evidence of the participation of biotin in the synthesis of purine nucleotides. biotin is a source of sulfur, which is involved in the synthesis of protein - collagen, and thus has a positive effect on the structure of the skin and its appendages (hair, nails).
Biotin enters the human body from food, and is also synthesized by the intestinal microflora. Biotin, which is widespread in the diet, is mainly associated with protein and occurs in the form of biocytin (food of animal origin), which, after hydrolysis in the small intestine, is rapidly reabsorbed. In plants, biotin is partially presented in free form.
Pharmacokinetics. The absorption of free biotin begins already in the upper part of the small intestine. Here, the biotin molecule penetrates the intestinal wall unchanged. Absorption is mainly due to diffusion.
The degree of binding of biotin to blood plasma proteins is 80%.
The concentration of free or weakly bound biotin in the blood is usually between 200 and 1200 μg / L. Biotin is excreted in urine (6 to 50 μg / day) and feces. Biotin is excreted unchanged (about 50%) and in the form of biologically inactive metabolites. T½ depends on the administered dose and is almost 26 hours after oral administration of a dose of 100 μg / kg body weight. In patients with biotinidase deficiency, T½ after administration of the same dose is reduced to 10-14 hours.
Indications
Treatment and prevention of diseases caused by biotin deficiency: diseases of the skin, nails, hair. treatment of genetically determined enzymopathies associated with biotin (multiple carboxylase deficiency).
Application
The recommended dose for adults in the treatment of biotin deficiency (diseases of nails, hair, skin) is 1-2 tablets per day.
For the treatment of genetically determined enzymopathies associated with biotin (multiple deficiency of carboxylases), 2–4 tablets are prescribed (daily dose - up to 10 mg of biotin). Take the tablets before meals without chewing, drinking plenty of fluids.
The duration of the course of treatment depends on the nature and course of the disease.
Children. Due to the limited experience of use in this category of patients, the drug is not prescribed to children under the age of 12 years.
In children over the age of 12, the drug is used as directed by a doctor; dosage recommendations are not available due to limited data.
Contraindications
Known hypersensitivity to biotin or other components of the drug.
Side effects
From the immune system: allergic reactions, including urticaria. in case of any undesirable reactions, it is recommended to stop treatment and consult a doctor.
Special instructions
Raw egg white contains the protein avidin, which interacts with biotin, so you should avoid taking them at the same time. eating a lot of raw eggs for 2–3 weeks can cause biotin deficiency.
The drug contains lactose, therefore, patients with rare hereditary forms of galactose intolerance, lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome should not take the drug.
Use during pregnancy and lactation. In accordance with generally accepted principles, the drug can be used during pregnancy and lactation only when the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus / child.
To date, there are no negative results from the use of the drug during pregnancy or during lactation. Biotin crosses the placental barrier and passes into breast milk. Breast milk usually contains biotin 7–13 mcg / L.
The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving or working with other mechanisms. Does not affect.
Interactions
When using biotin with anticonvulsants, it is possible to reduce the concentration of biotin in the blood plasma due to its increased excretion in the urine. valproic acid reduces biotinidase activity, decreasing mitochondrial function in the liver. pantothenic acid in high doses competes with biotin, so their simultaneous use should be avoided.
Overdose
To date, there are no reports of biotin overdose.
Storage conditions
In its original packaging at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° c.
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