Stomach ulcers usually take 4 weeks to treat. If this is not enough, ulcer healing can be expected within the next 4 weeks.
Treatment of duodenal ulcers. 1 tablet Nolpaz 40 mg / day In some cases, the dose can be doubled (2 tablets of Nolpaza® 40 mg / day), especially if there is no effect from the use of other preparations.
Duodenal ulcers usually take 2 weeks to treat. If this is not enough, ulcer healing can be expected within the next 2 weeks.
Treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and other hypersecretory pathological conditions. For long-term treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and other pathological hypersecretory conditions, the initial daily dose is 80 mg (2 tablets of Nolpaza 40 mg). If necessary, then the dose can be titrated, increasing or decreasing, depending on the indicators of gastric acidity. A dose exceeding 80 mg / day must be divided into 2 doses. A temporary increase in the dose over 160 mg of pantoprazole is possible, but the duration of use should be limited only by the period necessary for adequate control of acidity.
The duration of treatment for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and other pathological conditions is not limited and depends on the clinical need.
Patients with impaired liver function. Patients with severely impaired liver function should not exceed a daily dose of 20 mg (1 tablet of Nolpaz 20 mg). You should not use the preparation Nolpaza for the eradication of H. pylori in combination therapy in patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment, since there is currently no data on the efficacy and safety of such use for this category of patients.
Patients with impaired renal function. No dose adjustment is required for patients with impaired renal function. You should not use the preparation Nolpaza for the eradication of H. pylori in combination therapy of patients with impaired renal function, since there is currently no data on the efficacy and safety of such use for this category of patients.
Elderly patients do not require dose adjustment.
Nolpaza, injection. The preparation is used in adults as directed and under the direct supervision of a physician.
IV use of the preparation is recommended only if oral administration is impossible. There is data on the duration of IV treatment up to 7 days. Therefore, if it is clinically feasible, the transition from intravenous administration of Nolpase® to oral administration is carried out.
Reflux esophagitis, duodenal ulcer, stomach ulcer. The recommended dose is 40 mg of pantoprazole (1 bottle) per day intravenously.
Treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and other hypersecretory pathological conditions. For long-term treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and other hypersecretory pathological conditions, the recommended dose of Nolpaz is 80 mg / day. If necessary, the dose can be titrated, increasing or decreasing, depending on the rate of acid secretion in the stomach. Doses exceeding 80 mg / day must be divided into 2 administrations. A temporary increase in the dose of pantoprazole more than 160 mg is possible, but the duration of use should be limited only by the period that is necessary for adequate control of acid secretion.
If a rapid decrease in acidity is required, an initial dose of 80 mg 2 times a day is sufficient for most patients to achieve the desired level (10 mEq / h) within 1 hour.
Preparation for use. The powder is dissolved in 10 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, added to the bottle. The solution can be administered directly or after mixing with 100 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% glucose solution in plastic or glass bottles.
After dilution, the chemical and physical stability of the preparation is maintained for 12 hours at a temperature of 25 ° C. From a microbiological point of view, the diluted preparation must be used immediately.
Nolpazu must not be prepared or mixed with solvents other than those indicated above.
The introduction of the preparation must be carried out within 2-15 minutes.
The bottle is for single use only. Before use, it is necessary to visually check the vials with the preparation (in particular, for discoloration, the presence of sediment).
The diluted solution should have a transparent yellowish color.
Liver failure. Patients with severely impaired liver function should not exceed a daily dose of 20 mg (½ bottle of the preparation Nolpaza, lyophilisate for the preparation of injection solution, 40 mg).
Renal failure Patients with impaired renal function do not require dose adjustment.
Elderly patients do not require dose adjustment.
Nolpaza control
Dosing. The recommended dose is 20 mg pantoprazole (1 tablet) once a day.
To relieve symptoms, it may be necessary to take the tablets for 2–3 days. After the symptoms disappear, the treatment should be discontinued. The duration of treatment should not exceed 4 weeks without additional medical examination (after consulting a doctor).
If a decrease in the severity of symptoms is not noted after 2 weeks of continuous treatment, the patient should consult a doctor.
Characteristics of special groups of patients. Elderly patients or patients with impaired renal or hepatic function do not require dose adjustment.
Method of administration. Enteric-coated tablets, Nolpaza Control 20 mg should be swallowed whole, without chewing or breaking, with a small amount of liquid before meals.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to pantoprazole, benzimidazole derivatives or any other substance that is part of the preparation. pantoprazole, like other proton pump inhibitors, is contraindicated for use with atazanavir.
Side effects
The occurrence of adverse reactions is noted in about 5% of patients. the most common adverse reactions are diarrhea and headache (about 1%).
In terms of frequency of occurrence, undesirable effects are classified into the following categories: very often (≥ 1/10), often (≥1 / 100 and 1/10), infrequently (≥1 / 1000 and 1/100), rarely (≥1 / 10,000 and 1/1000), very rarely (1/10 000), unknown (frequency not determined from available data).
From the side of the blood and lymphatic system: rarely - agranulocytosis; very rarely - leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia.
From the immune system: rarely - hypersensitivity reactions (including anaphylactic reactions, anaphylactic shock)
Metabolism and metabolic disorders: rarely - hyperlipidemia and increased lipid levels (TG, CS), changes in body weight; unknown - hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia (see SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS), hypocalcemia1, hypokalemia.
Mental disorders: infrequently - sleep disorders; rarely - depression (including exacerbations); very rarely - disorientation (including exacerbations); unknown - hallucination, confusion (especially in patients with a tendency to these disorders, as well as exacerbation of these symptoms if they have a history).
From the nervous system: infrequently - headache, dizziness; rarely - taste disturbances; unknown - paresthesia.
From the side of the organ of vision: rarely - visual impairment / blurred vision.
From the digestive tract: infrequently - diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, bloating, constipation, dry mouth, abdominal pain and discomfort.
On the part of the hepatobiliary system: infrequently - an increase in the level of liver enzymes (transaminases, γ-glutamyl transferase); rarely - an increase in the level of bilirubin; unknown - damage to hepatocytes, jaundice, hepatocellular insufficiency.
On the part of the skin and subcutaneous tissues: infrequently - skin rash, exanthema, itching; rarely - urticaria, angioedema; unknown - Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Lyell's syndrome, erythema multiforme, photosensitivity.
From the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue: infrequently - fractures of the hip, wrist, spine (see. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS); rarely - arthralgia, myalgia; unknown - muscle spasm 2.
From the kidneys and urinary system: unknown - interstitial nephritis (with the possible development of renal failure).
From the reproductive system and mammary glands: rarely - gynecomastia.
General disorders: infrequently - asthenia, fatigue, malaise; rarely - an increase in body temperature, peripheral edema.
1 Hypocalcemia simultaneously with hypomagnesemia.
2 Muscle spasm as a result of electrolyte imbalance.
Special instructions
Patients with impaired liver function. in case of severe violations of liver function during treatment, especially with prolonged use, regular monitoring of the level of liver enzymes is necessary. in case of an increase in the level of liver enzymes, treatment should be discontinued.
Concomitant use of atazanavir. Concomitant use of atazanavir with proton pump inhibitors is not recommended. If the combination of atazanavir with proton pump inhibitors is unavoidable, close clinical monitoring (eg, measurement of viral load) should be performed in conjunction with increasing the dose of atazanavir to 400 mg with 100 mg ritonavir. The dose of pantoprazole 20 mg / day should not be exceeded.
Influence on the adsorption of vitamin B12. In patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and other hypersecretory conditions requiring long-term treatment, pantoprazole, like other preparations that block the secretion of gastric juice, can reduce the absorption of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) due to the occurrence of hypo- or achlorhydria. This should be taken into account in patients with reduced body weight or the presence of risk factors for reduced absorption of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), especially with prolonged treatment or the presence of appropriate clinical symptoms.
Long-term treatment. If the duration of treatment is more than 1 year, the patient should be under constant supervision.
In the presence of alarming symptoms. Malignant diseases of the esophagus or stomach should be excluded before treatment, since pantoprazole treatment can mask the symptoms of malignant disease and thus prevent the establishment of a correct diagnosis.
Hypomagnesemia. Cases of severe hypomagnesemia have been reported in patients treated with proton pump inhibitors such as pantoprazole for at least 3 months, and in most cases within 1 year. The following serious clinical manifestations of hypomagnesemia may occur and initially develop imperceptibly: fatigue, tetany, delirium, convulsions, dizziness, and ventricular arrhythmia. In the case of hypomagnesemia, in most cases, the patient's condition improved after replacement corrective therapy with magnesium preparations and discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors.
Patients who require long-term therapy, or patients who take proton pump inhibitors concurrently with digoxin or preparations that can cause hypomagnesemia (such as diuretics), should have their magnesium levels measured before starting treatment with proton pump inhibitors and periodically during treatment.
Bone fractures. Long-term treatment (more than 1 year) with high doses of proton pump inhibitors may slightly increase the risk of fractures of the hip, wrist and spine, mainly in the elderly or in the presence of other risk factors. Controlled studies indicate that the use of proton pump inhibitors can increase the overall risk of fractures by 10–40%. Some of these may be due to other risk factors. Patients at risk of developing osteoporosis should receive treatment according to current clinical guidelines and consume adequate amounts of vitamin D and calcium.
Gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria. Pantoprazole, like other proton pump inhibitors, can increase the number of bacteria that are commonly found in the upper GI tract. Treatment with the preparation may slightly increase the risk of gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria such as Salmonella and Campylobacter.
Information on excipients. The preparation Nolpaza contains sorbitol. Patients with rare hereditary diseases of fructose intolerance should not use the preparation.
Application during pregnancy or lactation. The experience of using the preparation during pregnancy is limited. In studies of reproductive function in animals, slight embryotoxicity was noted at doses of 5 mg / kg of body weight. The potential risk to humans is unknown. The preparation is used during pregnancy only if absolutely necessary.
Data were obtained on the excretion of pantoprazole in breast milk. The decision to use the preparation during breastfeeding should be made after a careful assessment of the benefits / risks.
Children. The experience of using the preparation in children is limited, therefore, pantoprazole is not recommended for use in patients of this age category.
The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving or operating other mechanisms. In the event of adverse reactions such as dizziness and blurred vision, you should refrain from driving and working with potentially dangerous machinery.
Interactions
The effect of pantoprazole on the absorption of other preparations. pantoprazole can reduce the absorption of preparations whose bioavailability depends on the ph of gastric juice, such as certain azoles, antifungal preparations such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and other preparations such as erlotinib.
HIV preparations (atazanavir). The combination of atazanavir and other preparations for the treatment of HIV, the adsorption of which depends on pH, with proton pump inhibitors can lead to a significant decrease in the bioavailability of the latter and affect their effectiveness. Therefore, concomitant administration of proton pump inhibitors with atazanavir is not recommended.
Coumarin anticoagulants (warfarin or phenprocoumon). Despite the lack of interaction with simultaneous use with phenprocoumon or warfarin, during clinical trials, isolated cases of changes in the international normalized ratio (INR) in the post-marketing period were recorded. Thus, patients using coumarin anticoagulants (for example, phenprocoumon or warfarin) of the series are recommended to monitor the prothrombin time or INR after the start, end or with irregular administration of pantoprazole.
Methotrexate. It has been reported that the simultaneous use of high doses of methotrexate (eg 300 mg) and proton pump inhibitors increases the level of methotrexate in the blood in some patients. Patients taking high doses of methotrexate, such as those with cancer or psoriasis, are advised to temporarily discontinue pantoprazole treatment.
Exploration of other interactions. Pantoprazole is extensively metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 system. The main metabolic pathway is demethylation by CYP 2C19 and other metabolic pathways, including oxidation by the CYP 3A4 enzyme.
Studies with preparations that are also metabolized by these pathways, such as carbamazepine, diazepam, glibenclamide, nifedipine, phenprocoumon and oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol, have not revealed clinically significant interactions.
Interaction studies indicate that pantoprazole does not affect the metabolism of active substances metabolized by CYP 1A2 (such as caffeine and theophylline), CYP 2C9 (eg piroxicam, diclofenac, naproxen), CYP 2D6 (eg metoprolol), CYP 2E1 (eg ethanol) and does not affect p-glycoprotein, which ensures the absorption of digoxin.
There was no interaction with concomitantly prescribed antacids.
Special studies of the interaction of pantoprazole with certain antibiotics (clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin) have been carried out, with the simultaneous use of clinically significant interactions between these preparations have not been revealed.
Incompatibility. The preparation Nolpaza, injections, should not be mixed with other preparations, except for those indicated in the APPLICATION section (Route of administration).
Overdose
There are no reports of overdose. intravenous doses of up to 240 mg were administered for more than 2 minutes, the tolerance was good. pantoprazole binds extensively to proteins and is not completely eliminated by dialysis.
In case of overdose with clinical manifestations of intoxication, symptomatic and supportive treatment is recommended.
Storage conditions
Nolpaza, tablets, and nolpaza control: at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C in the original packaging to protect against moisture. nolpaza, lyophilisate for injection solution: in its original packaging to protect from light at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° c. after dilution, chemical and physical stability is maintained for 12 hours at a temperature of 25 ° c. from a microbiological point of view, the preparation should be taken immediately.