Pharmacodynamic parameters. Nimesulide - the active ingredient of nimide - is npvp, a derivative of nitrobenzene. Nimesulide inhibits the CO-mediated process of conversion of arachidonic acid to the precursor of prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane a2. Nimesulide has both analgesic and antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties mediated by the action of Tsog-2, but has little effect on platelet function or loss of gastric cytoprotection associated with Tsog-1 activity.
Pharmacokinetic parameters. Nimesulide has a rapid onset of action, with a high absorption rate after oral administration (Cmax in blood plasma is reached after 2-3 hours). All oral formulations exhibit high and equivalent bioavailability. Nimesulide is tightly bound to blood plasma proteins (up to 97.5%) and has a moderately small volume of distribution. However, it is rapidly distributed in the synovial fluid.
Nimesulide is metabolized in oxidation reactions through the cytochrome P450 system of the liver (mainly CYP 2C9), mainly to 4-hydroxy metabolite (4-OH-NME), which has pharmacological properties similar to the parent preparation.
Elimination of nimesulide is progressive, T½ is 2–5 hours for the parent preparation and 3–9 hours for its main metabolite 4-OH-NME.
It is excreted in the form of metabolites by the kidneys (about 50% of the administered dose) and with feces (about 29%). In an unchanged state, 1–3% of the dose is excreted. Changes in pharmacokinetic parameters in elderly patients are not observed.
Sharp pain; primary dysmenorrhea.
Exclusively as a second-line preparation after a balanced analysis of all individual risks to the patient.
After eating, drink plenty of liquid. The contents of the sachet should be dissolved in 1 glass of warm water and immediately drunk.
Application period ≤15 days.
Adults and children aged 12 years - 2 times a day, 1 tablet / 1 sachet (the dose for elderly patients and patients with mild or moderate renal failure is not adjusted).
Eosinophilia, anemia (rare); a decrease in the number of platelets (≤150⋅109 / l) or all blood cells, purpura (very rare); rash, itching, hyperhidrosis (sometimes); dermatitis, erythema (rare); angioedema, facial edema, urticaria, Lyell's syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema polymorphism (very rare); hypersensitivity (rare); anaphylactic reactions (very rare); increased heart rate 90 beats / min (rarely), hemorrhages, lability hell, hot flushes; ag (sometimes); swelling (sometimes); weakness, malaise (rare); decreased body temperature (very rare); dizziness (sometimes); cephalalgia, hypersomnia, encephalopathy / rhea syndrome (very rare); blurred vision (rare); feeling of fear, nervousness, fearful dreams (rare); dyspnea (sometimes); ba, bronchospasm (very rare); cholestasis, hepatitis, including fulminant (very rare); vomiting, nausea, diarrhea (often); constipation, flatulence, gastritis (sometimes); stomatitis, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, melena, gastrointestinal bleeding, duodenal ulcer and perforation (very rare); difficulty, urinary retention, hematuria (rare); renal failure, decreased urine output, interstitial nephritis (very rare); increased potassium levels in the blood (rare); increased activity of liver enzymes (often).
Special instructions
The lowest dose needed to control symptoms should be used in the shortest period of time.
If there is no effect (a decrease in the intensity of the manifestations of pathology), the therapy is completed.
Do not use in combination with hepatotoxic agents and ethanol.
The use of NSAIDs in the infectious process of microbial etiology can mask the associated fever. Nimesulide therapy is completed if the patient develops a fever or flu-like symptoms.
Therapy is completed when an ulcer or bleeding from the digestive tract appears.
In the event of symptoms of liver damage, preparation therapy is completed without renewal. These patients should not be re-prescribed nimesulide.
Use with caution in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease (possibly exacerbation).
Do not use in combination with other pain relievers and NSAIDs.
The likelihood of an ulcer, bleeding or perforation of the digestive tract increases in parallel with an increase in the dose of NSAIDs in patients with a history of this pathology and in elderly patients. In this group of patients, therapy should be started at the lowest dose necessary to control symptoms.
These patients and patients who simultaneously receive acetylsalicylic acid for cardioprophylaxis or other preparations that increase the likelihood of developing gastrointestinal complications need additional protection with proton pump inhibitors or misoprostol.
Caution is required in patients receiving GCS, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, acetylsalicylic acid or anticoagulants, as well as in patients (primarily elderly) with toxic damage to the digestive tract.
It is necessary to monitor the condition of patients with heart failure and / or hypertension, patients with excessive accumulation of fluid in the body or edema associated with the use of NSAIDs.
A number of NSAIDs (mainly with prolonged use and at high doses) are associated with a low likelihood of developing arterial thrombosis. There is little information about nimesulide on this matter.
Before using nimesulide, a thorough analysis of the condition of patients with risk factors for cardiovascular pathology (smoking, hypertension, elevated blood lipids, diabetes mellitus) is required, as well as in patients with coronary artery disease, acute heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, pathology of peripheral arteries and / or cerebral vessels ...
In view of the likelihood of a decrease in renal function in patients with impaired renal function or with heart failure, it is necessary to carefully prescribe the preparation in this category of patients with discontinuation of therapy if the condition worsens.
Due to the likelihood of bleeding and perforation of the digestive tract, disorders of renal, hepatic or cardiac functions, careful monitoring of the condition of elderly patients is necessary.
Discreetly used in patients with hemorrhagic diathesis.
It is not a substitute for acetylsalicylic acid for the prevention of cardiovascular pathology.
The likelihood of developing Lyell and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, as well as exfoliative dermatitis, is increased in patients with these reactions that occurred during the first month of the previous course of NSAID therapy.
In case of allergic reactions, including skin rashes and mucosal lesions, immediate withdrawal of the preparation is required.
The use of nimesulide is not recommended in patients who are planning a pregnancy, as well as in the I and II trimester of pregnancy. In such cases, use the minimum dose and duration of therapy.
The doctor should be notified if the patient develops pregnancy during the period of nimesulide use.
Driving vehicles or other mechanisms is stopped if a patient taking nimesulide develops cephalalgia, dizziness or hypersomnia.
Interactions
The likelihood of bleeding in the digestive tract increases when used with antiplatelet preparations, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and GCS (the latter also increase the likelihood of developing ulcers in the digestive tract).
The combination with acetylsalicylic acid or warfarin is not used for severe bleeding disorders. In other cases, this combination is not recommended, but if its use is inevitable, careful monitoring of the parameters of the coagulation system is required.
A decrease in the activity of diuretics and other antihypertensive preparations is possible. With a combination of ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists or COX inhibitors in patients with impaired renal function (including the elderly or with dehydration), further deterioration of renal function and the occurrence of acute renal failure, which is usually reversible, are possible. These interactions should be considered. Patients should receive a sufficient amount of fluids, and renal function should be carefully monitored after starting the use of this combination. When combined with oral contraceptives, anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents, it is possible to develop an exacerbation of Crohn's disease and other pathology of the digestive tract.
The combined intake reduces the diuretic activity of furosemide, its effects on the excretion of sodium and, to a lesser extent, potassium. Caution is required in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
The combined use of lithium preparations requires monitoring of its content in the blood plasma (the level of lithium increases and, accordingly, the toxicity increases due to a decrease in clearance).
The combined use of the preparation with CYP 2C9 substrates increases their content in blood plasma.
When combined with nimesulide, it is possible to increase the nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine.
Plasma levels of methotrexate (and its toxic effects) may increase when using nimesulide for 1 day before or after taking methotrexate.
Valproic and salicylic acids, as well as tolbutamide, displace bound nimesulide in vitro, but this phenomenon is not observed when the preparation is used in a clinical setting.
There were no clinically significant interactions with cimetidine and antacids, warfarin, theophylline, glibenclamide, digoxin,
Overdose
Acute NSAID overdose, as a rule, manifests itself as lethargy, hypersomnia, nausea, vomiting, epigastralgia, which are reversible with maintenance treatment. in rare cases, there is a likelihood of bleeding in the digestive tract, ag, opn, respiratory depression, coma. the occurrence of anaphylactoid reactions is possible. there is no specific antidote. therapy - symptomatic and supportive. the effectiveness of hemodialysis is unlikely. in a 4-hour period after taking a high dose of the preparation, artificial vomiting should be induced and / or an osmotic laxative and / or activated charcoal should be prescribed. possible ineffectiveness of forced diuresis, increased urine pH, hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. monitoring of hepatic and renal functions is necessary.
Storage conditions
In a dry place protected from light at a temperature of ≤25 ° C.