Ceraxon (Citicoline) 500mg 20 tablets — Made in Spain — Free Delivery

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics. Citicoline stimulates the biosynthesis of structural phospholipids of neuronal membranes, which is confirmed by the data of magnetic resonance spectroscopy. due to the described mechanism of action, citicoline improves the functioning of such membrane processes as the work of ion-exchange pumps and receptors, the modulation of which is necessary for the normal conduction of nerve impulses. due to the stabilizing effect on the membrane of neurons, citicoline exhibits decongestant properties that contribute to the reabsorption of cerebral edema.

Experimental studies have shown that citicoline inhibits the activation of certain phospholipases (A1, A2, C, and D), reducing the formation of free radicals, preventing the destruction of membrane systems, and preserving antioxidant defense systems such as glutathione.

Citicoline preserves the energy storage of neurons, inhibits apoptosis and stimulates the synthesis of acetylcholine.

It has been experimentally proven that citicoline also exhibits a prophylactic neuroprotective effect in focal cerebral ischemia.

Clinical studies have shown that citicoline significantly increases the indicators of functional recovery in patients with acute ischemic cerebrovascular accident, which coincides with a slowdown in the increase in ischemic brain damage according to neuroimaging data.

In patients with traumatic brain injury, citicoline accelerates recovery and reduces the duration and intensity of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Citicoline increases the level of attention and consciousness, reduces the severity of cognitive and neurological disorders associated with cerebral ischemia, helps to reduce the manifestations of amnesia.

Pharmacokinetics. Citicoline is well absorbed when administered orally. After administration of the preparation, a significant increase in the level of choline in the blood plasma is noted. When administered orally, the preparation is almost completely absorbed. Studies have shown that oral and IV bioavailability is almost the same.

The preparation is metabolized in the intestine and liver to form choline and cytidine.

After administration, citicoline is widely distributed in the structures of the brain with the rapid incorporation of the choline fraction into structural phospholipids and cytidine fractions into cytidine nucleotides and nucleic acids. In the brain, citicoline is incorporated into the cellular, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes, taking part in the construction of the phospholipid fraction.

Only a small fraction of the dose is detected in urine and feces (3%). About 12% is excreted through the CO2 of the exhaled air. During the excretion of the preparation in the urine, two phases are distinguished: phase I - within 36 hours, in which the rate of excretion decreases rapidly, and phase II - in which the rate of excretion decreases much more slowly. The same phasing is noted when excreted through the respiratory tract. The rate of CO2 elimination decreases rapidly over about 15 hours, then much more slowly.

Indications

Stroke, acute phase of cerebrovascular accidents and their neurological consequences.

Traumatic brain injury and its neurological consequences.

Cognitive and behavioral disorders due to chronic vascular and degenerative cerebral processes.

Application

The recommended dose is 500-2000 mg / day (1-4 tablets), depending on the severity of the symptoms and the patient's condition. the dose of the preparation and the duration of treatment are set by the doctor.

Elderly patients do not require dose adjustment.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to citicoline or other components of the preparation; patients with a high tone of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Side effects

Adverse reactions are noted very rarely (1/10 000), including isolated cases.

From the side of the psyche: hallucinations.

From the nervous system: severe headache, dizziness.

From the side of the cardiovascular system: hypertension or arterial hypotension, tachycardia.

From the respiratory system: dyspnea.

From the gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting, episodic diarrhea.

From the immune system: allergic reactions, including: rash, itching, angioedema, anaphylactic shock, redness, urticaria, rash, purpura.

General disorders: chills, edema.

Special instructions

During pregnancy and breastfeeding. there is insufficient data on the use of ceraxon in pregnant women. during pregnancy and lactation, the preparation  is prescribed only when the expected therapeutic benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. data on the excretion of citicoline in breast milk and its effect on the fetus are unknown.

Children. The experience of using the preparation in children is limited, so the preparation is prescribed only when the expected benefit outweighs any potential risk.

The ability to influence the reaction rate when driving vehicles and working with complex mechanisms. In individual cases, some adverse reactions from the central nervous system can affect the ability to drive vehicles and work with complex mechanisms.

Interactions

Citicoline enhances the effect of levodopa. should not be administered concurrently with medicinal products containing meclofenoxate.

Overdose

Overdose cases are not described.

Storage conditions

At a temperature not higher than 30 ° C.